ParticleSystem Class

Extends RenderComponent

Module: cc

Particle System base class.
Attributes of a Particle System:

  • emmision rate of the particles
  • Gravity Mode (Mode A):
  • gravity
  • direction
  • speed +- variance
  • tangential acceleration +- variance
  • radial acceleration +- variance
  • Radius Mode (Mode B):
  • startRadius +- variance
  • endRadius +- variance
  • rotate +- variance
  • Properties common to all modes:
  • life +- life variance
  • start spin +- variance
  • end spin +- variance
  • start size +- variance
  • end size +- variance
  • start color +- variance
  • end color +- variance
  • life +- variance
  • blending function
  • texture

    cocos2d also supports particles generated by Particle Designer (http://particledesigner.71squared.com/).
    'Radius Mode' in Particle Designer uses a fixed emit rate of 30 hz. Since that can't be guarateed in cocos2d,
    cocos2d uses a another approach, but the results are almost identical.
    cocos2d supports all the variables used by Particle Designer plus a bit more:
  • spinning particles (supported when using ParticleSystem)
  • tangential acceleration (Gravity mode)
  • radial acceleration (Gravity mode)
  • radius direction (Radius mode) (Particle Designer supports outwards to inwards direction only)
    It is possible to customize any of the above mentioned properties in runtime. Example:
Examples
emitter.radialAccel = 15;
emitter.startSpin = 0;

Index

Properties
  • preview Boolean Play particle in edit mode.
  • custom Boolean If set custom to true, then use custom properties insteadof read particle file.
  • file string The plist file.
  • spriteFrame SpriteFrame SpriteFrame used for particles display
  • texture String Texture of Particle System, readonly, please use spriteFrame to setup new texture。
  • particleCount Number Current quantity of particles that are being simulated.
  • stopped Boolean Indicate whether the system simulation have stopped.
  • playOnLoad Boolean If set to true, the particle system will automatically start playing on onLoad.
  • autoRemoveOnFinish Boolean Indicate whether the owner node will be auto-removed when it has no particles left.
  • active Boolean Indicate whether the particle system is activated.
  • totalParticles Number Maximum particles of the system.
  • duration Number How many seconds the emitter wil run.
  • emissionRate Number Emission rate of the particles.
  • life Number Life of each particle setter.
  • lifeVar Number Variation of life.
  • startColor cc.Color Start color of each particle.
  • startColorVar cc.Color Variation of the start color.
  • endColor cc.Color Ending color of each particle.
  • endColorVar cc.Color Variation of the end color.
  • angle Number Angle of each particle setter.
  • angleVar Number Variation of angle of each particle setter.
  • startSize Number Start size in pixels of each particle.
  • startSizeVar Number Variation of start size in pixels.
  • endSize Number End size in pixels of each particle.
  • endSizeVar Number Variation of end size in pixels.
  • startSpin Number Start angle of each particle.
  • startSpinVar Number Variation of start angle.
  • endSpin Number End angle of each particle.
  • endSpinVar Number Variation of end angle.
  • sourcePos Vec2 Source position of the emitter.
  • posVar Vec2 Variation of source position.
  • positionType ParticleSystem.PositionType Particles movement type.
  • emitterMode ParticleSystem.EmitterMode Particles emitter modes.
  • gravity Vec2 Gravity of the emitter.
  • speed Number Speed of the emitter.
  • speedVar Number Variation of the speed.
  • tangentialAccel Number Tangential acceleration of each particle.
  • tangentialAccelVar Number Variation of the tangential acceleration.
  • radialAccel Number Acceleration of each particle.
  • radialAccelVar Number Variation of the radial acceleration.
  • rotationIsDir Boolean Indicate whether the rotation of each particle equals to its direction.
  • startRadius Number Starting radius of the particles.
  • startRadiusVar Number Variation of the starting radius.
  • endRadius Number Ending radius of the particles.
  • endRadiusVar Number Variation of the ending radius.
  • rotatePerS Number Number of degress to rotate a particle around the source pos per second.
  • rotatePerSVar Number Variation of the degress to rotate a particle around the source pos per second.
  • DURATION_INFINITY Number The Particle emitter lives forever.
  • START_SIZE_EQUAL_TO_END_SIZE Number The starting size of the particle is equal to the ending size.
  • START_RADIUS_EQUAL_TO_END_RADIUS Number The starting radius of the particle is equal to the ending radius.
  • sharedMaterials [Material] The materials used by this render component.
  • __eventTargets Array Register all related EventTargets,...
  • node Node The node this component is attached to.
  • uuid String The uuid for editor.
  • _enabled Boolean
  • enabled Boolean indicates whether this component is enabled or not.
  • enabledInHierarchy Boolean indicates whether this component is enabled and its node is also active in the hierarchy.
  • _isOnLoadCalled Number Returns a value which used to indicate the onLoad get called or not.
  • _name String
  • _objFlags Number
  • name String The name of the object.
  • isValid Boolean Indicates whether the object is not yet destroyed.
Methods
  • stopSystem Stop emitting particles.
  • resetSystem Kill all living particles.
  • isFull Whether or not the system is full.
  • setTextureWithRect Sets a new texture with a rect.
  • getMaterial Get the material by index.
  • setMaterial Set the material by index.
  • update This is a lifecycle method.
  • lateUpdate This is a lifecycle method.
  • __preload __preload is called before every onLoad.
  • onLoad When attaching to an active node or its node first activated.
  • start Called before all scripts' update if the Component is enabled the first time.
  • onEnable This is a lifecycle method.
  • onDisable This is a lifecycle method.
  • onDestroy This is a lifecycle method.
  • onFocusInEditor
  • onLostFocusInEditor
  • resetInEditor Called to initialize the component or node’s properties when adding the component the first time or when the Reset command is used.
  • addComponent Adds a component class to the node.
  • getComponent Returns the component of supplied type if the node has one attached, null if it doesn't....
  • getComponents Returns all components of supplied Type in the node.
  • getComponentInChildren Returns the component of supplied type in any of its children using depth first search.
  • getComponentsInChildren Returns the components of supplied type in self or any of its children using depth first search.
  • _getLocalBounds If the component's bounding box is different from the node's, you can implement this method to supply
  • onRestore for undo/redo operation.
  • schedule Schedules a custom selector....
  • scheduleOnce Schedules a callback function that runs only once, with a delay of 0 or larger.
  • unschedule Unschedules a custom callback function.
  • unscheduleAllCallbacks unschedule all scheduled callback functions: custom callback functions, and the 'update' callback function....
  • destroy Actual object destruction will delayed until before rendering.
  • _destruct Clear all references in the instance.
  • _onPreDestroy Called before the object being destroyed.
  • _serialize The customized serialization for this object.
  • _deserialize Init this object from the custom serialized data.

Details

Properties

preview

Play particle in edit mode.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:134
custom

If set custom to true, then use custom properties insteadof read particle file.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:155
file

The plist file.

meta description
Type string
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:183
spriteFrame

SpriteFrame used for particles display

meta description
Type SpriteFrame
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:216
texture

Texture of Particle System, readonly, please use spriteFrame to setup new texture。

meta description
Type String
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:268
particleCount

Current quantity of particles that are being simulated.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:291
stopped

Indicate whether the system simulation have stopped.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:305
playOnLoad

If set to true, the particle system will automatically start playing on onLoad.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:319
autoRemoveOnFinish

Indicate whether the owner node will be auto-removed when it has no particles left.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:328
active

Indicate whether the particle system is activated.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:339
totalParticles

Maximum particles of the system.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:352
duration

How many seconds the emitter wil run. -1 means 'forever'.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:359
emissionRate

Emission rate of the particles.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:366
life

Life of each particle setter.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:373
lifeVar

Variation of life.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:380
startColor

Start color of each particle.

meta description
Type cc.Color
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:388
startColorVar

Variation of the start color.

meta description
Type cc.Color
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:407
endColor

Ending color of each particle.

meta description
Type cc.Color
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:426
endColorVar

Variation of the end color.

meta description
Type cc.Color
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:445
angle

Angle of each particle setter.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:465
angleVar

Variation of angle of each particle setter.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:472
startSize

Start size in pixels of each particle.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:479
startSizeVar

Variation of start size in pixels.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:486
endSize

End size in pixels of each particle.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:493
endSizeVar

Variation of end size in pixels.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:500
startSpin

Start angle of each particle.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:507
startSpinVar

Variation of start angle.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:514
endSpin

End angle of each particle.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:521
endSpinVar

Variation of end angle.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:528
sourcePos

Source position of the emitter.

meta description
Type Vec2
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:536
posVar

Variation of source position.

meta description
Type Vec2
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:544
positionType

Particles movement type.

meta description
Type ParticleSystem.PositionType
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:552
emitterMode

Particles emitter modes.

meta description
Type ParticleSystem.EmitterMode
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:577
gravity

Gravity of the emitter.

meta description
Type Vec2
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:590
speed

Speed of the emitter.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:597
speedVar

Variation of the speed.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:604
tangentialAccel

Tangential acceleration of each particle. Only available in 'Gravity' mode.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:611
tangentialAccelVar

Variation of the tangential acceleration.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:618
radialAccel

Acceleration of each particle. Only available in 'Gravity' mode.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:625
radialAccelVar

Variation of the radial acceleration.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:632
rotationIsDir

Indicate whether the rotation of each particle equals to its direction. Only available in 'Gravity' mode.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:640
startRadius

Starting radius of the particles. Only available in 'Radius' mode.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:650
startRadiusVar

Variation of the starting radius.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:657
endRadius

Ending radius of the particles. Only available in 'Radius' mode.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:664
endRadiusVar

Variation of the ending radius.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:671
rotatePerS

Number of degress to rotate a particle around the source pos per second. Only available in 'Radius' mode.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:678
rotatePerSVar

Variation of the degress to rotate a particle around the source pos per second.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:685
DURATION_INFINITY

The Particle emitter lives forever.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:769
START_SIZE_EQUAL_TO_END_SIZE

The starting size of the particle is equal to the ending size.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:779
START_RADIUS_EQUAL_TO_END_RADIUS

The starting radius of the particle is equal to the ending radius.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:789
sharedMaterials

The materials used by this render component.

meta description
Type [Material]
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCRenderComponent.js:61
__eventTargets

Register all related EventTargets, all event callbacks will be removed in _onPreDestroy

meta description
Type Array
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:61
node

The node this component is attached to. A component is always attached to a node.

meta description
Type Node
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:75
Examples
cc.log(comp.node);
uuid

The uuid for editor.

meta description
Type String
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:106
Examples
cc.log(comp.uuid);
_enabled
meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:147
enabled

indicates whether this component is enabled or not.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:154
Examples
comp.enabled = true;
cc.log(comp.enabled);
enabledInHierarchy

indicates whether this component is enabled and its node is also active in the hierarchy.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:186
Examples
cc.log(comp.enabledInHierarchy);
_isOnLoadCalled

Returns a value which used to indicate the onLoad get called or not.

meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:202
Examples
cc.log(this._isOnLoadCalled > 0);
_name
meta description
Type String
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:76
_objFlags
meta description
Type Number
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:83
name

The name of the object.

meta description
Type String
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:240
Examples
obj.name = "New Obj";
isValid

Indicates whether the object is not yet destroyed. (It will not be available after being destroyed)
When an object's destroy is called, it is actually destroyed after the end of this frame. So isValid will return false from the next frame, while isValid in the current frame will still be true. If you want to determine whether the current frame has called destroy, use cc.isValid(obj, true), but this is often caused by a particular logical requirements, which is not normally required.

meta description
Type Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:258
Examples
var node = new cc.Node();
cc.log(node.isValid);    // true
node.destroy();
cc.log(node.isValid);    // true, still valid in this frame
// after a frame...
cc.log(node.isValid);    // false, destroyed in the end of last frame

Methods

stopSystem

Stop emitting particles. Running particles will continue to run until they die.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:950
Examples
// stop particle system.
myParticleSystem.stopSystem();
resetSystem

Kill all living particles.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:963
Examples
// play particle system.
myParticleSystem.resetSystem();
isFull

Whether or not the system is full.

meta description
Returns Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:977
setTextureWithRect

Sets a new texture with a rect. The rect is in texture position and size. Please use spriteFrame property instead, this function is deprecated since v1.9

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/particle/CCParticleSystem.js:987
Deprecated since v1.9
Parameters
getMaterial

Get the material by index.

meta description
Returns Material
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCRenderComponent.js:168
Parameters
setMaterial

Set the material by index.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCRenderComponent.js:191
Parameters
update

Update is called every frame, if the Component is enabled.
This is a lifecycle method. It may not be implemented in the super class. You can only call its super class method inside it. It should not be called manually elsewhere.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:223
Parameters
  • dt Number the delta time in seconds it took to complete the last frame
lateUpdate

LateUpdate is called every frame, if the Component is enabled.
This is a lifecycle method. It may not be implemented in the super class. You can only call its super class method inside it. It should not be called manually elsewhere.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:234
__preload

__preload is called before every onLoad. It is used to initialize the builtin components internally, to avoid checking whether onLoad is called before every public method calls. This method should be removed if script priority is supported.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:244
onLoad

When attaching to an active node or its node first activated. onLoad is always called before any start functions, this allows you to order initialization of scripts.
This is a lifecycle method. It may not be implemented in the super class. You can only call its super class method inside it. It should not be called manually elsewhere.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:255
start

Called before all scripts' update if the Component is enabled the first time. Usually used to initialize some logic which need to be called after all components' onload methods called.
This is a lifecycle method. It may not be implemented in the super class. You can only call its super class method inside it. It should not be called manually elsewhere.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:268
onEnable

Called when this component becomes enabled and its node is active.
This is a lifecycle method. It may not be implemented in the super class. You can only call its super class method inside it. It should not be called manually elsewhere.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:281
onDisable

Called when this component becomes disabled or its node becomes inactive.
This is a lifecycle method. It may not be implemented in the super class. You can only call its super class method inside it. It should not be called manually elsewhere.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:291
onDestroy

Called when this component will be destroyed.
This is a lifecycle method. It may not be implemented in the super class. You can only call its super class method inside it. It should not be called manually elsewhere.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:301
onFocusInEditor
meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:311
onLostFocusInEditor
meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:316
resetInEditor

Called to initialize the component or node’s properties when adding the component the first time or when the Reset command is used. This function is only called in editor.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:321
addComponent

Adds a component class to the node. You can also add component to node by passing in the name of the script.

meta description
Returns Component
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:331
Parameters
  • typeOrClassName Function | String the constructor or the class name of the component to add
Examples
var sprite = node.addComponent(cc.Sprite);
var test = node.addComponent("Test");
getComponent

Returns the component of supplied type if the node has one attached, null if it doesn't.
You can also get component in the node by passing in the name of the script.

meta description
Returns Component
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:349
Parameters
Examples
// get sprite component.
var sprite = node.getComponent(cc.Sprite);
// get custom test calss.
var test = node.getComponent("Test");
getComponents

Returns all components of supplied Type in the node.

meta description
Returns Component[]
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:373
Parameters
Examples
var sprites = node.getComponents(cc.Sprite);
var tests = node.getComponents("Test");
getComponentInChildren

Returns the component of supplied type in any of its children using depth first search.

meta description
Returns Component
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:391
Parameters
Examples
var sprite = node.getComponentInChildren(cc.Sprite);
var Test = node.getComponentInChildren("Test");
getComponentsInChildren

Returns the components of supplied type in self or any of its children using depth first search.

meta description
Returns Component[]
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:409
Parameters
Examples
var sprites = node.getComponentsInChildren(cc.Sprite);
var tests = node.getComponentsInChildren("Test");
_getLocalBounds

If the component's bounding box is different from the node's, you can implement this method to supply a custom axis aligned bounding box (AABB), so the editor's scene view can perform hit test properly.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:429
Parameters
  • out_rect Rect the Rect to receive the bounding box
onRestore

onRestore is called after the user clicks the Reset item in the Inspector's context menu or performs an undo operation on this component.

If the component contains the "internal state", short for "temporary member variables which not included
in its CCClass properties", then you may need to implement this function.

The editor will call the getset accessors of your component to record/restore the component's state
for undo/redo operation. However, in extreme cases, it may not works well. Then you should implement
this function to manually synchronize your component's "internal states" with its public properties.
Once you implement this function, all the getset accessors of your component will not be called when
the user performs an undo/redo operation. Which means that only the properties with default value
will be recorded or restored by editor.

Similarly, the editor may failed to reset your component correctly in extreme cases. Then if you need
to support the reset menu, you should manually synchronize your component's "internal states" with its
properties in this function. Once you implement this function, all the getset accessors of your component
will not be called during reset operation. Which means that only the properties with default value
will be reset by editor.

This function is only called in editor mode.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:442
schedule

Schedules a custom selector.
If the selector is already scheduled, then the interval parameter will be updated without scheduling it again.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:536
Parameters
  • callback function The callback function
  • interval Number Tick interval in seconds. 0 means tick every frame.
  • repeat Number The selector will be executed (repeat + 1) times, you can use cc.macro.REPEAT_FOREVER for tick infinitely.
  • delay Number The amount of time that the first tick will wait before execution.
Examples
var timeCallback = function (dt) {
  cc.log("time: " + dt);
}
this.schedule(timeCallback, 1);
scheduleOnce

Schedules a callback function that runs only once, with a delay of 0 or larger.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:573
Parameters
  • callback function A function wrapped as a selector
  • delay Number The amount of time that the first tick will wait before execution.
Examples
var timeCallback = function (dt) {
  cc.log("time: " + dt);
}
this.scheduleOnce(timeCallback, 2);
unschedule

Unschedules a custom callback function.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:590
Parameters
  • callback_fn function A function wrapped as a selector
Examples
this.unschedule(_callback);
unscheduleAllCallbacks

unschedule all scheduled callback functions: custom callback functions, and the 'update' callback function.
Actions are not affected by this method.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/components/CCComponent.js:606
Examples
this.unscheduleAllCallbacks();
destroy

Destroy this Object, and release all its own references to other objects.
Actual object destruction will delayed until before rendering. From the next frame, this object is not usable any more. You can use cc.isValid(obj) to check whether the object is destroyed before accessing it.

meta description
Returns Boolean
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:293
Examples
obj.destroy();
_destruct

Clear all references in the instance.

NOTE: this method will not clear the getter or setter functions which defined in the instance of CCObject. You can override the _destruct method if you need, for example: _destruct: function () { for (var key in this) { if (this.hasOwnProperty(key)) { switch (typeof this[key]) { case 'string': this[key] = ''; break; case 'object': case 'function': this[key] = null; break; } } }

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:427
_onPreDestroy

Called before the object being destroyed.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:460
_serialize

The customized serialization for this object. (Editor Only)

meta description
Returns object
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:485
Parameters
_deserialize

Init this object from the custom serialized data.

meta description
Defined in cocos2d/core/platform/CCObject.js:495
Parameters
  • data Object the serialized json data
  • ctx _Deserializer

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